In our previous human biomarker study, ICAM-1 was increased in adult IPAH and CTD-PAH vs. controls, whereas VCAM-1 and pro-inflammatory, anti-angiogenic interleukin 12 (IL-12) were significantly elevated in CTD-PAH only (16). The gene discussed is ICAM1; the disease is idiopathic pulmonary arterial hypertension.