CCL2 and neoplasm: iCAFs secrete inflammatory factors such as interleukin (IL)-6, IL-8, CCL2, and CXCL2 that promote tumor growth and also promote T-cell dysregulation by promoting expression of immune checkpoint inhibitors (PD-1, TIM-3) (Gorchs et al., 2019; Gorchs and Kaipe, 2021).