AFP and cancer: Although other blood tests including certain tumor biomarkers (CEA, AFP, etc.), inflammation-based biomarkers (platelet–lymphocyte ratio, neutrophil–lymphocyte ratio, etc.), and hemostasis biomarkers (D-dimer, fibrinogen, etc.)were also reported to be associated with survival of cancer patients, they are either specific only for a single tumor type or lack sensitivity (Ay et al., 2012; Li et al., 2018; Yang et al., 2019).