As the earliest immune checkpoint inhibitor therapy, a phase II study of the anti-CTLA-4 antibody tremelimumab (NCT01008358) showed a promising effect with a 17.6% partial response rate, and a 76% disease control rate in patients with advanced HCC whose disease progressed under sorafenib treatment (33). The gene discussed is CTLA4; the disease is hepatocellular carcinoma.