The power of using a combinatorial approach to dissect tumor microenvironment in lymphoid malignancies is demonstrated by a recent study that used FISH, chromogenic IHC, and multiplex immunofluorescence microscopy with cell phenotyping followed by spatial analyses of the cell phenotypic data to characterize the PD1/PD-L1 pathway in the tumor microenvironment of a multi-institutional cohort of T-cell/histiocyte-rich large B-cell lymphomas (THRLBCL) (141). Here, PDCD1 is linked to neoplasm.