In another study, crocin (100 and 200 ppm~1 and 2% w/v) made a significant decrement in the levels of mRNA expression of TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6, IFN-γ, NF-κB, COX-2, and iNOS and propagated Nrf2 mRNA expression in the colorectal mucosa following dextran sodium sulfate-induced colitis [62]. The gene discussed is TNF; the disease is colitis.