TNF and Insulin resistance: To comprehensively illustrate the effect of berberine for diabetes, glucose metabolism-related index (HbA1c, FPG, and 2hPG), insulin resistance-related index (FINS, HOMA-IR, and BMI), lipid profiles (TC, TG, HDL, and LDL), and inflammation index (CRP, IL-6, and TNF-α) were reported, along with the safety including effect of berberine on serum creatinine (SCR), blood urea nitrogen (BUN), and any associated adverse events.