Conversely, we noted a strong IgE induction by the parasite in the host serum that was sustained even after PZQ treatment (Figure 6B) in infected then treated mice, supporting an advantageous immune disposition of infected-treated mice when compared to naïve mice, given the strongly suggested protective role of serum IgE against schistosomiasis reinfection (20, 21). The gene discussed is IGHE; the disease is schistosomiasis.