IFN-α and IFN-γ signaling pathways, key to anti-viral response, are activated in almost all the infiltrating immune cells in EBV-positive NPC, shown by an upregulation of IFN-induced genes, including ISG15, IFI6, IFI44L, IFIT3, and IFITM1 (106). The gene discussed is IFNA1; the disease is nasopharyngeal carcinoma.