INS and infection: Insulin/insulin-like growth factor highly conserved in arthropods (Pakpour et al., 2014) is involved in different immune pathways (Luckhart and Riehle, 2007); insulin inhibits RNAi pathway but activates JAK/STAT pathway eliciting antiviral effects in mosquitoes following infection with WNV, DENV, and ZIKV (Ahlers et al., 2019).