Most of these genes were expressed at lower in advanced ACC: RAS Like Proto-Oncogene A (RALA), Raf-1 Proto-Oncogene (RAF1) and the kinases Protein Kinase C Alpha (PRKCA), Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase 9 (MAPK9), Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase Kinase Kinase 1 (MAP3K1) and 2 (MAP3K2), and Phosphoinositide-3-Kinase Regulatory Subunit 1 (PIK3R1). Here, RAF1 is linked to adrenal cortex carcinoma.