In order to answer the above mentioned questions, we assessed the effects of olanzapine on first- episode male schizophrenia patients and compared the levels of five inflammatory cytokines, namely high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP), interleukin 1β (IL-1β), interleukin 6 (IL-6), interleukin 17 (IL-17), and transforming growth factor β1 (TGF-β1), between two groups of the patients that demonstrated different curative effects in order to explore the potential biological indicators that can serve to determine the efficacy of these drugs in patients with schizophrenia. The gene discussed is TGFB1; the disease is schizophrenia.