NOX4 and acute kidney injury: Chatterjee et al. (2014) discovered that MaR1 could reduce NOX expression and ROS level as well as inhibit NF-κB activation in human vascular smooth muscle cells and endothelial cells. Therefore, we speculated that MaR1 may alleviate renal injury in S-AKI via the NOX4/ROS/NF-κB signaling pathway.