Recently, the TCR and BCR signaling pathways were found to be regulated by the abovementioned Cav-1 (Tomassian et al., 2011; Fiala and Minguet, 2018), which not only positively regulates Toll-like receptor-9 (TLR-9) to promote MyD88-mediated TRAF3 and IRF3 signal transduction (Yang et al., 2019) but also negatively regulates TLR-9 and TLR-4 to intensify the downstream inflammation cascade and promote the progression of diabetes (Zhu et al., 2017). Here, TLR9 is linked to diabetes mellitus.