NR3C1 and myeloid sarcoma: MS results in higher corticotrophin-releasing hormone levels in the HPA axis and lower GR levels in key regions of the HPA axis a substrate that regulates HPA axis activity (Liu et al., 1997; Caldji et al., 1998, 2000; Francis and Meaney, 1999; Francis et al., 1999; Weaver et al., 2004; Turecki and Meaney, 2016).