CXCL12 and glioblastoma: While agonists 2-(1H-indole-3-carbonyl)-thiazole-4-carboxylic acid methyl ester (ITE), omeprazole, glyceolin I, glyceolin II can target AhR to limit the expression of migration regulatory factors MYH9, CXCL12, CXCR4, MMP9, CDH2, CCL2 and inhibit the migration and proliferation of glioblastoma or human breast cancer cells (Hall et al., 2010; Pham et al., 2020; Zhao L. et al., 2020).