Proinflammatory cytokines and chemokines, such as IL-6, IL-1β, TNF-α, IL-2, IL-10, G-CSF MCP-1, RANTES, Eotaxin, KC, and MIP-1α/β, were markedly decreased compared to those in the ARDS mouse model on 3 dpi (Fig. 6f). Here, TNF is linked to acute respiratory distress syndrome.