For both brain (n = 18) and leptomeningeal (n = 9) metastasis, much higher concordances were found for classic lung cancer driver mutations (79% for brain metastasis and 83% for leptomeningeal metastasis) and TP53 mutations (82% for brain metastasis and 60% for leptomeningeal metastasis) than other genes (P < 0.001) (Figs. 2C, 3C). This evidence concerns the gene TP53 and leptomeningeal metastasis.