With the development of new classes of glucose-lowering drugs for the treatment of type 2 diabetes with a glucose-dependent mode of action and ultra-long-acting basal insulins, risk of hypoglycemia in patients with type 2 diabetes is likely to have been reduced compared to previous trials investigating the effect of near-normal HbA1c targets in type 2 diabetes [40–44]. This evidence concerns the gene INS and type 2 diabetes mellitus.