Leptin decreased the rate of endometrial cancer cell apoptosis (3.25%, p < 0.05) in the study by Wu et al. [36] and in a dose-dependent manner up to 150 ng/ml leptin concentration (p < 0.05) in the study by Zhou et al., which also demonstrated a leptin treatment-dependent reduction of active caspase-3, which is a critical effector of apoptosis in cancer [66]. The gene discussed is LEP; the disease is endometrial cancer.