TNF and endometrial cancer: A study on endometrial cancer by Chopra et al. [30] states that cytokines such as IL-8, TNF-α and TGF-β have angiogenic properties, activating various cascades of reaction involving angiogenin and other facilitatory growth factors and interleukins (such as IL-6) stimulating the proliferation of vascular endothelial cells and inducing angiogenesis which are hallmarks of cancer development.