LEP and endometrial cancer: On the other hand, there have been studies on several pro-inflammatory adipocytokines such as leptin, visfatin, resistin, IL-6, IL-8, IL-31, IL-33, TNF-α, GDF, oncostatin M and SDF-1, which are not only associated with a more advanced endometrial cancer disease state and poor prognostic factors, but they also promote endometrial cancer progression by mechanisms such as cell proliferation, invasion, migration, adhesion, cell cycle promotion and by inducing EMT.