PAEP and neoplasm: High GDF levels correlated with reduced disease-free survival (p = 0.001); reduced recurrence-free survival (p < 0.001); advanced FIGO stage non-endometrioid histology, high-grade tumour and deep myometrial infiltration (all p < 0.003); recurrent disease, lymph node metastasis and associated with larger tumour volume (p = 0.008); deep myometrial infiltration (p = 0.05); and cervical stromal invasion (p = 0.03) on MRI imaging.