In particular, predominate expression of pro‐regenerative and anti‐inflammatory factors such as TGF‐β, as compared with pro‐inflammatory cytokines such as TNF‐α and IL‐1β, resembles a picture of a phenotypical macrophage switch to an M2‐like state.(41) Similarly, experimental data associated absent TAM‐signaling after acute liver injury with a profound and overwhelming inflammatory response.(23, 24) In this context, macrophage‐mediated immunomodulation might be of particular relevance. This evidence concerns the gene TNF and injury.