Comparing adherence to details of surveillance recommendations, the surveillance program did not comply with recent recommendations in 109 of 120 (90.8%) patients with trisomy 21 and in 18 of 48 (37.5%) patients with NF1, while recommendations were followed in 7 of 8 (87.5%) patients with Diamond-Blackfan anemia. This evidence concerns the gene NF1 and Diamond-Blackfan anemia.