Reports that CD8 T cells co-expressing HLA-DR and CD28 can exhibit anti-viral properties,45 as well as reports of CD28-dependent rescue of exhausted CD8 T cells by anti-PD1 therapies in mice,42 led us to investigate the association between the abundance of the therapeutic-response-associated phenotypes discovered by FAUST and tumor viral status of each subject, as we hypothesized that these cells may represent virus-specific subpopulations. This evidence concerns the gene CD28 and neoplasm.