TNF and chronic kidney disease: Reductions in miR145 directly augment ADAM17 gene expression, an enzyme which is critical for (1) the severity of parathyroid hyperplasia in the course of CKD (35), (2) release of TNFα that enhances systemic inflammation and multiorgan damage (36), and (3) angiotensin II-driven renal damage at early CKD stages (37).