CSF1R and ischemia: Altogether, these studies suggest that the presence of CSF-1R+ cells has beneficial effects within the first 3 days post ischemia, reducing neurological deficits, cell death, ROS levels, leukocytes infiltration, neuroinflammatory markers (such as pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-1α, IL-1β, IL-6 and TNF-α) and increasing levels of growth factors (IGF-1) in some cases.