SMAD4 and infection: Hypermethylation of the GATC site is related to the silencing of specific genes, such as APC, TP53, BRCA2, KRAS, PTEN, SMAD4, and VEGFC. GATC methylation is uncommon in human cells and may emerge during M. hyorhinis infection, suggesting a new type of epigenetic infection-dependent marker [69].