BDNF and serum lipopolysaccharide activity: However, no significant effects were observed in the expression of inflammatory mediators as wells as p-TrkB and BDNF in the PFC after combined prophylactic and therapeutic treatment with rhANP in LPS-induced endotoxemia, indicating rhANP could exert its anti-neuroinflammatory and cognition-improving effects specifically via hippocampal TrkB/BDNF signaling pathway.