Moreover, gliotoxin also triggered the apoptosis of adriamycin-resistant (ADR) non-small-cell lung cancer cell (NSCLC) lines A459/ADR (IC50 values of 0.40 and 0.24 μM) via the disruption of mitochondrial membrane potential and the upregulation of p53, p21, Bax, cleaved poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) and caspase-9 [90], suggesting the promising prospect of gliotoxin in ADR NSCLC. Here, CASP9 is linked to non-small cell lung carcinoma.