The expression of the entire and activated forms of Akt (partially and fully activated: phosphorylated at threonine-308 (T308) and serine-473 (S473), respectively), and two of its substrates, the proline-rich Akt-substrate of 40 kDa (PRAS40) and FoxO1 transcription factor has been immunohistochemically examined in minor salivary glands (MSG) of pSS patients (n = 29; including 9 with pSS-associated lymphoma) and sicca-complaining controls (sicca-controls; n = 10). This evidence concerns the gene FOXO1 and lymphoma.