PTGS2 and cystitis: This neurogenic inflammation includes vascular (vasodilation and plasma protein extravasation) [42,43] and nonvascular responses (immune cell activation, leukocyte infiltration, mast cell degranulation, and expression of proinflammatory cytokines, chemokines, adhesion molecules, and cyclooxygenase 2) [44] and has been proposed to play a major role in different diseases of the urinary tract, including cystitis and overactive bladder syndrome [45].