Furthermore, the receptor-interacting protein kinase 1 (RIPK1) is upregulated in patients with a neurodegenerative disease, and the recent study by Liu et al. [70] showed that the RIPK1 inhibitor Nec-1s has a neuroprotective effect against PD by inactivating the ASK1/JNK signaling pathway. Here, MAP3K5 is linked to Parkinson disease.