AKT1 and neoplasm: In addition, a moderate amount of ROS can activate intracellular signaling pathways critical in tumor cell survival, such as mitogen-activated protein kinase/extracellular signal-regulated protein kinases 1/2 (MAPK/ERK1/2), p38, c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK), and phosphoinositide-3-kinase/protein kinase B (PI3K/Akt) [17].