APOE and Alzheimer disease: Similarly, several association studies have shown mixed results regarding the association of TOMM40 (outer mitochondrial membrane translocase 40) with AD and the dysregulation of mitochondrial function independent of ApoE4 [80,81], but a recent haplotype study showed differences between TOMM40 haplotypes encoding ApoE4 and ApoE3 in the association probability for AD [82].