Combinations of autophagy inhibitors with MEK (trametinib and MEK162) [190,191] or Erk (SCH772984) [192] inhibitors or genetic MAPK inhibition [193] have been shown to result in synergistic anti-proliferative effects against multiple refractory RAS-mutant cancer models, including pancreatic, melanoma and lung cancers. Here, MAP2K7 is linked to lung carcinoma.