VEGFA and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: We investigated the relationship between VEGF rs3025039 and COPD as we found a wide range of studies that focused on this polymorphism and its relationship with various diseases, like pre-eclampsia [40], extracranial internal carotid artery stenosis and ischemic stroke [41], and bladder cancer [42], but only one study that described its involvement in COPD.