CCL4 and infection: Transcriptomic analysis of the broncho-alveolar lavage fluid of patients with mild disease revealed an increase in the expression of IL-1, IFNγ, IP-10, MCP-1, while in critical patients, it showed an increase in the expression of receptors for GM-CSF chemokines, IP-10, MCP-1, MIP-1a, and MIP-1b, indicators of increased activating signals that direct the migration of immune cells to the site of infection [149].