Our previous studies have shown that two key hyphae-associated genes, ECE1 and HWP1 [34,35,36], were overexpressed during human vaginal candidiasis, and that their upregulation was associated with NLRP3 inflammasome activation, a crucial player in the immunopathogenesis of VVC [29,37]. This evidence concerns the gene NLRP3 and vulvovaginal candidiasis.