A recent study observed strong associations of systemic complement activation measurements (defined by the C3d/C3 ratio) with AMD-associated metabolites, including HDL and VLDL lipoprotein subfractions, other lipids/apolipoproteins (remnant-C, ApoB and triglycerides), fatty acids (MUFA, SFA and TotFA) and amino acids (Leu, Ile and Ala) [33]. This evidence concerns the gene APOB and age-related macular degeneration.