CXCL8 and infectious otitis media: As shown in Figure 3A–D, LPEPS oral administration regulated the expression of serum inflammatory factors of the AOM/DSS-treated C57BL/6 mice, as evidenced by down-regulating pro-inflammatory cytokines, IL-1β, IL-8, and TNF-α, and up-regulating anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10 (p < 0.05).