Furthermore, Figueredo et al. have demonstrated the presence of anti-CRP antibodies in patients with SLE with or without APS; the anti-CRP-positive cases with SLE had lower C3 levels and were more likely to have anti-dsDNA and anticardiolipin antibodies as compared to the anti-CRP antibody-negative individuals. Here, C3 is linked to systemic lupus erythematosus.