TP53 and neuroendocrine carcinoma: Eskandar et al. reported that 14% (14/97) of NEC samples in their study were HPV-negative [48] and revealed a significantly higher frequency of several gene alterations in HPV-negative NECs including PIK3CA (17% vs. 36%), TP53 (11% vs. 43%), PTEN (8% vs. 50%), ARID1A (5% vs. 36%), and RB1 (4% vs. 36%).