In the NeoALTTO (Neoadjuvant Lapatinib and/or Trastuzumab Treatment Optimization) trial in which 455 women with HER2+ early-stage BC were randomized in three neoadjuvant treatment arms (trastuzumab, lapatinib, or the combination), followed by adjuvant chemotherapy (paclitaxel and then three cycles of fluorouracil, epirubicin, and cyclophosphamide), Salgado and colleagues evaluated the level of TILs and found that their presence is an independent, positive prognostic marker for both pathological complete response (pCR) and event-free survival (EFS) [28]. This evidence concerns the gene ERBB2 and breast cancer.