A large study of 32 tumour samples from the cancer genome atlas (including OC) comparing high versus low-IL4I1 expressing tumours demonstrated increased numbers of immunosuppressive cells (e.g., Tregs and MDSCs) in the TME and suppressed proliferation of CD4+ and CD8+ T-cells in high IL4I1 expressing lesions [370]. Here, IL4I1 is linked to neoplasm.