PDCD1 and non-small cell lung carcinoma: The recent integration of immune checkpoint inhibitors such as antibodies against programmed cell death-1 (PD1), programmed cell death ligand-1 (PDL1), and cytotoxic T-cell lymphocyte antigen-4 (CTLA4) into first-line NSCLC treatment protocols has improved survival and quality of life; however, less than 20% of patients derive long-term benefit and most will eventually succumb to progressive disease during therapy [12,13].