Consistent with previous findings demonstrating a link between STAT3 activation and treatment resistance to primary kinase inhibition in oncogene-addicted NSCLC [35], the therapeutic efficacy of OPB-51602 in NSCLC patients with tyrosine kinase drug resistance supports the potential for STAT3 as a drug target for patients with resistance to primary kinase inhibition. The gene discussed is STAT3; the disease is non-small cell lung carcinoma.