Kunzmann and colleagues revealed in a clinical study that serum levels of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) were higher in patients with renal cell carcinoma and melanoma compared with AML patients, which seemed to correlate with a lack of response to Vγ9Vδ2 T-cell anti-tumour activity upon zoledronic acid administration [138]. This evidence concerns the gene VEGFA and hereditary clear cell renal cell carcinoma.