TLR4 and hypouricemia, renal: In the kidneys of renal hypouricemia patients after exhaustive exercise, an intraluminal high concentration of urates in the proximal straight tubule and/or the thick ascending limb of Henle might stimulate the TLR4–MyD88–PI3K–mTOR pathway and release IL-1β, which might cause symptoms of EIAKI associated with renal hypouricemia.