Finally, receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis was used to evaluate the discriminatory power of all COPD-E-associated factors, namely geospatial variables (longitude, latitude), ambient particulate matter and pollutants (PM2.5, PM10, SO2, O3, THC, NO2), lifestyle (pack-year), anthropometric (BMI), and endogenous (age, epigenetic lnc-IL7R) factors. Here, IL7R is linked to chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.