IL7R and pulmonary emphysema: For the moderate emphysema cases (6 ≤ %LAA-950insp < 14), we found that ambient SO2, NO2, THC, PM10, PM2.5, and O3 form a loose cascade with endogenous factors BMI, lnc-IL7R, and Age in the context of patients’ geolocation, while smoking history and pack-year were non-contributors to the cascade (Figure 3A, middle).