The authors utilized two breast cancer cell lines (SKBR3, MDA-MB-231) for their in vitro experiments and found that penfluridol promotes ROS formation in both cell lines, which subsequently attenuates the expression of Specificity Factors (Sp) 1,3,4 and induces cleavage of PARP/caspase-3 (induction of apoptosis) [79]. The gene discussed is CASP3; the disease is breast cancer.