INS and metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease: Specifically, AMGB can regulate not only insulin-related proteins, but also inflammatory mediators (including TNF-alpha, IL-1, and IL-8) and apoptotic regulators and caspases (including Bcl-2-associated X protein (BAX), CASP3 (caspase 3), CASP8, and CASP7), hence preventing hepatocyte injuries in NAFLD.