IL1A and infection: Infection leads to Toll-like receptors or intracellular nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain activation, the production of inflammatory interleukins such as IL-1α/β, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, IL12/23, IL-15, IL-17A, IL-18, IL-25, IL-27, TNF-α, chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 2 (CCL2), IFN-γ, and neutrophil and macrophage recruitment.